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Нажмите сюда browse Academia. Denis Ryan. Enilson Silva. Sspc pa2 standard free download Francis. Dry film thickness Источник статьи is perhaps the single most important parameter in protective coatings activities, specified and measured in virtually every coating project. Modern electronic sspc pa2 standard free download have provided the ability to take hundreds of readings quickly and accurately and provide a detailed picture of the coating work.
There are a number of standards available which provide information on measuring techniques, acceptability of readings, inspection plans and other important aspects of DFT measurement. It will provide examples of typical readings and how they can be analysed.
The paper will suggest some important areas that must be examined to remediate inconsistencies and inefficiencies in DFT specification, measurement and analysis of results.
Shoaib Ahmed. Alejandro Zambrano. Robert Dahlstrom. There is new technology platform utilizing aerial robotics systems to sspc pa2 standard free download DFT, and potentially other, readings and привожу ссылку at sspc pa2 standard free download when the measurement device is required to be placed in contact with the surface being measured. In this paper, we evaluate the efficacy of one of these systems in a simple use case consisting of taking DFT measurements on a facsimile of a ship by asking the question; " Are DFT readings from an aerial robotic system equivalent to those taken by a person ".
One would expect there to be little difference between the numerical values of the readings with the ro-botic system holding an electronic DFT measurement device vs. Patricio Cabrera. This standard is issued under the fixed designation D; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of original adoption or, in the sspc pa2 standard free download of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.
Log in with Facebook Log in with Google. Remember me on this computer. Enter the email address you signed up with and we'll email you a reset link. Need an account? Click here to sign up. Download Free PDF. Javier Delgado. Related Papers. All SSPC specifi- cations, guides and recommendations are monitored and revised as practices improve, and suggestions for revision are welcome.
Other methods, materials, and specifications may be equally хорошо agenda font free download pc надеятся or superior. SSPC is not responsible for the application, interpretation, or administrationof по этой ссылке specifications, guides and recommendations.
SSPC specifically disclaims responsibilityforthe useor misuse of its specifications, guides and recommendations. The supplying of details aboutpatented formulations, treatments, or processesis not to be regarded as conveying any right permitting or the user of this guideto use or sell any patented invention.
When it sspc pa2 standard free download known that the subject matter of the text is covered by patent, such patents are reflected in the text. Printed in U. Scope pressure on the coated surface during the entire measuring operation. Electronic circuitry is used to convert a reference 1. See 8. Section 4. Notes on gage principles and various factors affecting 1. Description and Use A numerical example of verification of the calibration of Type 2 gages using plastic shims Appendix 2.
ReferenceStandards 3. This standard does not covergages that standard shall prevail. See manent magnet is brought into direct contact with the coated Section 8.
Less force is required to remove the magnet from a thick coating. The scale is nonlinear. Calibration, Verification and Measurement Procedures Type 1 A- A magnet is attached to one end of a pivoting balance arm.
This assembly is connected to a calibrated 4. By rotating a dial, the spring increases the 4. To correct for this effect, access to Type 1B - A magnet is mounted directly or indirectly to a the uncoated substrate is recommended. Another option is to coil spring. The spring acts perpendicularly to the surface use separate uncoated reference panels with similar rough- to pull off the magnet.
The Type 1B gages are commonly ness, shape, thickness and composition. See Sections 8. These would be used as the bare substrate in the proce- dures of Sections 4.
Reference panels shall be of 2. See Section 8. All Type 1 gages have areas during painting. If the coating has already been applied nonlinear scales and any adjusting feature is linear in nature. Do not allow the removal process to alter the after adjustment.
Paint strippers should be used in 4. This average value is the 4. Note the gage is not to be calibrated at points close together, may differ due to small surface irregu- on the bare substrate. Therefore, a minimum 4. For each new gage reading, move the probe to a new location within the 1. Discard any unusually ing to obtain the thickness of the coating.
Нажмите чтобы прочитать больше the average of the acceptable gage readings as the spot 4. Calibrate the gage according to manufacturer's instructions. The standards must be large coating as specified. See Section 4. Shims of plastic the end of each work shift with one or more of the standards.
During the продолжить чтение shift, if the gage is dropped of Type 2 constant pressure probe gages should not be used or suspected of giving erroneous readings, its calibration should for calibration of the Type 1 gages.
If the be rechecked. If deemed appropriate by the contracting parties, manufacturer's instructions are in conflict with this standard by initial agreement can be reached on the details and frequency of allowing the use sspc pa2 standard free download plastic or other nonmagnetic shims for the verification or calibration. Record the calibration data and the calibration of a Type 1 gage, the contracting parties must both method used to verify the calibration.
If the gage is found to be be notified of this fact and agree on a method of calibration. RequiredNumber of Sspc pa2 standard free download for 4. To guard against measuringwith an 5.
During the Section 4. If the contracting parties agree, more than five ous readings, its calibration should be rechecked. If deemed 5 spot measurements may be taken in a given area. See appropriate by the contracting parties, initial agreement can be Section 5. The five spot measurements shall be made for reached on the details sspc pa2 standard free download frequency of verification or calibra- each 1O m2 1O0 ft2 of area as follows: tion.
Record the calibration data and the method used to verify 5. If the gage is found to be out ofcalibration at the each 1O m2 1O0 fi2 area shall be measured. If dirty, clean as described in Section 8. If the gage still does not agree with the standard, 5. Some sspc pa2 standard free download can sspc pa2 standard free download first 1O0 mz 1,ft2 shall be measured as stated in Section be adjusted to read accurately in a given tubidy songs for pc. Adjust the gage 5.
Then check the gage on increment thereof, one 10 m2 f t 2 area shall be randomly standards of higher and lower thicknesses to establish the range selected and measured. Notes see Sections 5. If download live wallpaper software for pc sspc pa2 standard free download magnetic surface of the steel and the small rounded tip of the maximum thickness value is not explicitly specified, the speci- magnet or probe that restson the top surface of the coating.
This fied thickness shall be the minimum. Such correction measurements for each 10 m2 ft2 area shall not be less is described in Section 4.
No single spot measure- instructions for Type 2 gages. Any gagereading may under-run 8. If the average of the spot measurements nism to measure the force needed to pull a small permanent for a given 1O m2 sspc pa2 standard free download ft2 area meets or exceeds the specified magnetfrom the surface of thecoated steel.
See Appendix 1. Internal balancing 5.
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Alejandro Zambrano. Robert Dahlstrom. There is new technology platform utilizing aerial robotics systems to take DFT, and potentially other, readings and measurements at height when the measurement device is required to be placed in contact with the surface being measured. In this paper, we evaluate the efficacy of one of these systems in a simple use case consisting of taking DFT measurements on a facsimile of a ship by asking the question; " Are DFT readings from an aerial robotic system equivalent to those taken by a person ".
One would expect there to be little difference between the numerical values of the readings with the ro-botic system holding an electronic DFT measurement device vs. Patricio Cabrera. This standard is issued under the fixed designation D; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.
A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Log in with Facebook Log in with Google. Remember me on this computer.
Enter the email address you signed up with and we'll email you a reset link. Need an account? Click here to sign up. Download Free PDF. Javier Delgado. Related Papers. All SSPC specifi- cations, guides and recommendations are monitored and revised as practices improve, and suggestions for revision are welcome. Other methods, materials, and specifications may be equally effective or superior.
SSPC is not responsible for the application, interpretation, or administrationof its specifications, guides and recommendations. SSPC specifically disclaims responsibilityforthe useor misuse of its specifications, guides and recommendations. The supplying of details aboutpatented formulations, treatments, or processesis not to be regarded as conveying any right permitting or the user of this guideto use or sell any patented invention.
When it is known that the subject matter of the text is covered by patent, such patents are reflected in the text. Printed in U. Scope pressure on the coated surface during the entire measuring operation. Electronic circuitry is used to convert a reference 1. See 8. Section 4. Notes on gage principles and various factors affecting 1.
Description and Use A numerical example of verification of the calibration of Type 2 gages using plastic shims Appendix 2. ReferenceStandards 3. This standard does not covergages that standard shall prevail. See manent magnet is brought into direct contact with the coated Section 8. Less force is required to remove the magnet from a thick coating. The scale is nonlinear. Calibration, Verification and Measurement Procedures Type 1 A- A magnet is attached to one end of a pivoting balance arm.
This assembly is connected to a calibrated 4. By rotating a dial, the spring increases the 4. To correct for this effect, access to Type 1B - A magnet is mounted directly or indirectly to a the uncoated substrate is recommended. Another option is to coil spring. The spring acts perpendicularly to the surface use separate uncoated reference panels with similar rough- to pull off the magnet.
The Type 1B gages are commonly ness, shape, thickness and composition. See Sections 8. A beam has twelve different surfaces as shown in Figure A2. Any one of these surfaces may have a DFT outside the specified range, and hence, shall be measured. If the thickness of the flange is less than 1 inch 25 mm , the contracting parties may choose not to measure the DFT on the toe, i.
As an informal initial survey, the inspector may want to check for uniformity of DFT across each surface. Is the DFT of the flange near the fillet the same as near the toe? Is the DFT uniform across the web?
The inspector must be sure to use a gage that is not susceptible to edge effects. On a beam, there are proportionately more edges that tend to have low dry film thickness DFT and inside corners that tend to have high DFT compared to the center of the flat surfaces.
Each painter usually develops a pattern of work for a specific task. Hence, the DFT on the underside of the top flange, for example, may be consistently on the high side or the low side of the target DFT. This type of error is easy to detect and correct. Random errors pose a more difficult problem. Gross errors where the paint is obviously too thin or too thick must be corrected and are beyond the scope of this standard.
Identify the 12 surfaces of the beam as shown in Figure A2 for each section. For tall beams where the height of the beam is 36 inches 91 cm or more, divide the web in half along the length of the beam. For the full DFT determination, each half of the web is considered a separate surface. Take one spot measurement as defined in Section 8. The location of the surface 1 measurement within a section is arbitrarily chosen by the inspector in each of the five sections.
DFT of surface 1. Repeat for the other 11 surfaces 7 surfaces if the toe is not measured; 14 surfaces for tall beams. The data can be reported in a format shown in Table A2. Each spot measurement must conform to the specified DFT.
The average value for each surface must conform to the specified DFT. There will be only eight average values if the DFT of the toe is not measured; there may be as many as 14 average values for beams greater than 36 inches in height.
For a sample DFT A2. For example, do a full DFT determination on a piece painted near the beginning of the shift, near the middle of the shift, and near the end of the shift in accordance with Section A3. Appendix 3 is not a mandatory part of this standard, but it provides two sample protocols for measuring DFT for a laydown. For inspection of a laydown, first make a visual survey to detect areas with obvious defects, such as poor coverage, and correct as necessary.
If the part has fewer than 5 surfaces, take multiple spot measurements on the larger surfaces to bring the total to 5. If the total area of the part is over ft2 10 m2 , take 5 spot measurements randomly distributed over the part for each ft2 10 m2 , or fraction thereof. Appendix 4 is not a mandatory part of this standard, but it provides a sample protocol for measuring DFT on coated steel test panels.
The average value of the spot measurements on each surface must conform to the specified DFT. If there is only a single spot measurement on a surface, it must conform to the specified DFT.
Take two spot readings from the top third, the middle third, and the bottom third of the test panel. Discard any unusually high or low gage reading that cannot be repeated consistently.
The DFT of the test panel is the average of the six acceptable spot readings. If the additional measurements indicate the DFT in the disputed area of the panel to be below the minimum or above the maximum allowable DFT, the panel shall be rejected.
Appendix 6 is not a mandatory part of this standard, but it provides a sample protocol for measuring DFT of coatings on edges. Appendix 5 is not a mandatory part of this standard, but it provides a sample protocol for measuring DFT of thin coatings on coated steel test panels that had been abrasive blast cleaned.
Because the DFT is the same order as the statistical fluctuations of a DFT gage on bare blast cleaned steel, many gage readings must be taken to get a meaningful average. Adjustments to the gage may or may not be required.
This procedure also verifies that the probe configuration will accommodate the edge configuration prior to coating thickness data acquisition. The average of the gage readings is considered a spot reading. The standard deviation may also be reported if required. Scanning Batch 1 Scanning Batch 2 readings readings. Segment 3 approx.
Segment 4 mm Segment 5 approx. Scanning Batch 4 Scanning Batch 5 readings readings. Editorial Revisions since January 26, The revisions listed below are editorial clarifications or corrections of obvious errors identified since the date of the last technical revision of the standard dated January 26, , and the previous editorial revision of March 15, The thickness measurement procedures for thermal spray coatings applied over steel substrates are described in SSPC-CS Customary units.
The measurements are not exact equivalents; therefore, each system must be used independently of the other. Custom units. Text unchanged. Any photocopying, re-selling, or redistribution of these standards, guides, and technical reports by printed, electronic, or any other means is strictly prohibited without the express written consent of SSPC: The Society of Protective Coatings and a formal licensing agreement.
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Download now. Jump to Page. Search inside document. The following items shall be reported: Notes This is allowed because only the average Figure A1 Metric. Scanning Batch 3 readings Segment 4 mm Segment 5 approx. Scanning Batch 4 Scanning Batch 5 readings readings mm mm approx. ASTM D ASTM A ASTM C Pull Off Testing Procedure.
Astm d Std Raw Material. ASTM A - ASTM G AWS D 1. SSPC Paint ASTM D ASTM C SSPC Guia Plan de Inspeccion. SSPC inspectionplan. Pregatirea Suprafetelor Pentru Vopsire. Viscosity Conversion Chart. CIR v. A paint inspection gage sometimes called a Tooke or PIG gage will give accurate DFT measurements, but it cuts through the coating, so each measurement site must be repaired.
Ultrasound gages may be used, but their accuracy is much less than a Type 1 or a Type 2 gage. Some Type 2 gages can be adjusted to read zero 0 on an uncoated blast cleaned surface. Such correction is made as described in Section 3. Gages read thickness above the imaginary magnetic plane. If a Type 1 gage is used, the coating thickness above the peaks is obtained by subtracting the base metal reading see Section 3.
With a correctly calibrated and adjusted Type 2 gage, the reading obtained indicates the coating thickness above the peaks see Section 3.
The magnetic force holding the magnet to the surface varies inversely as a non-linear function of the distance between magnet and steel, i. Normally, Type 1 gages are not adjusted or reset for each new series of measurements. Shims of sheet plastic or of nonmagnetic metals, which are permissible for adjusting Type 2 electronic gages should not be used for adjusting Type 1 gages.
Near the pull-off point of the measurement with any Type 1 gage, the shim frequently springs back from the steel surface, raising the magnet too soon and causing an erroneous reading. The accuracy of the measurement will be affected if the coating is tacky or excessively soft. Magnetic particles adhering to the probe can be removed using an adhesive backed tape. Any adhesive residue left on the probe must then be removed.
Shims of known thicknesses are also available from most of these same sources. For higher alloy steels, the gage response should be checked. Regardless of the alloy type, the gage should be adjusted to the same steel over which the coating has been applied. Two inspectors using the same gage will not necessarily record the exact same number for a given spot measurement using the same 4 cm 1.
Similar reasoning applies to maximum thickness. If the curvature is appreciable, valid measurements may still be obtained by adjusting the gage on a similarly curved surface. The sensitivity to edge effects and discontinuities varies from gage to gage. Measurements closer than 2. This effect may extend as much as 8 cm 3 inches from an inside angle. Residual magnetism in the steel substrate may also affect gage readings. Other gages may require demagnetization of the steel. The following numerical example is presented as an illustration of Section 4.
Metric values are calculated equivalents from U. Customary measurements. Suppose this structure is 30 m2 ft2 in area. Mentally divide the surface into three equal parts, each being about 10 m2 ft2.
Some gages function well at much higher temperatures. Most electronic gages compensate for temperature differences among the gage, the probe, and the surface. This is allowed because only the average of the three readings i.
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